Graphical abstract. Credit: Soil & Environmental Health (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2024.100083 Sludge, a byproduct of wastewater treatment, often harbors hazardous substances such as heavy metals and excess nutrients that pose significant environmental and health risks if not properly treated. Conventional treatment methods rely heavily on chemicals and energy-intensive processes, making them less sustainable. Sludge treatment reed […]